We have learned in the last tutorial, about Reference Variable in PHP. Now, we will discuss operators in PHP.

Also read introduction to PHP language

Table of Contents

PHP Operators:

Simple answer can be given using expression 2+ 5 is equal to 7. Here 2 and 5 are called operands and + is called operator. A PHP operator is a symbol that is used to perform operations on variables or values. PHP operators can be classified into 8 types:

Also checkout Best PHP Scripts from Urbanscripts

PHP language supports following type of operators.

PHP Operators Types:

Arithmetic Operators
Comparison Operators
Logical (or Relational) Operators
Assignment Operators
Incrementing and Decrementing Operators
Conditional (or ternary) Operators

Arithmetic Operators:

The arithmetic operators are used to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. Here’s a complete list of PHP’s arithmetic operators.

Operator	Description	Example	Result
+	Addition	$x + $y	Sum of $x and $y.
–	Subtraction	$x – $y	Difference of $x and $y.
*	Multiplication	$x * $y	Product of $x and $y.
/	Division	$x / $y	Quotient of $x and $y.
%	Modulus	$x % $y	Remainder of $x divided by $y.

List Of Arithmetic PHP Operators Types

Example:

<?php
$x = 10;
$y = 4;
echo($x + $y); // 0utputs: 14
echo($x - $y); // 0utputs: 6
echo($x * $y); // 0utputs: 40
echo($x / $y); // 0utputs: 2.5
echo($x % $y); // 0utputs: 2
?>

Comparison Operators:

The comparison operators are used to compare two values in a Boolean form.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
==	Equal	$x == $y	True if $x is equal to $y
===	Identical	$x === $y	True if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type
!=	Not equal	$x != $y	True if $x is not equal to $y
<>	Not equal	$x <> $y	True if $x is not equal to $y
!==	Not identical	$x !== $y	True if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type
<	Less than	$x < $y	True if $x is less than $y
>	Greater than	$x > $y	True if $x is greater than $y
>=	Greater than or equal to	$x >= $y	True if $x is greater than or equal to $y
<=	Less than or equal to	$x <= $y	True if $x is less than or equal to $y

Comparsion PHP Operators types explained

Example:

<?php
$x = 25;
$y = 35;
$z = "25";
var_dump($x == $z); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x === $z); // Outputs: boolean false
var_dump($x != $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x !== $z); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x < $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x > $y); // Outputs: boolean false
var_dump($x <= $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x >= $y); // Outputs: boolean false
?>

Logical Operators:

The logical operators are typically used to combine conditional statements.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
and	And	$x and $y	True if both $x and $y are true
or	Or	$x or $y	True if either $x or $y is true
xor	Xor	$x xor $y	True if either $x or $y is true, but not both
&&	And	$x && $y	True if both $x and $y are true
\|\|	Or	$x \|\| $y	True if either $$x or $y is true
!	Not	!$x	True if $x is not true

Logical PHP operators types explained

Example

<?php
$year = 2014;
// Leap years are divisible by 400 or by 4 but not 100
if(($year % 400 == 0) || (($year % 100 != 0) && ($year % 4 == 0))){
echo "$year is a leap year.";
} else{
echo "$year is not a leap year.";
}
?>

Assignment Operators:

The assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Description	Example	Is The Same As
=	Assign	$x = $y	$x = $y
+=	Add and assign	$x += $y	$x = $x + $y
-=	Subtract and assign	$x -= $y	$x = $x – $y
*=	Multiply and assign	$x *= $y	$x = $x * $y
/=	Divide and assign quotient	$x /= $y	$x = $x / $y
%=	Divide and assign modulus	$x %= $y	$x = $x % $y

Assisgnment PHP operators types explained

Example:

<?php
$x = 15;
echo $x; // Outputs: 15
$x = 15;
$x += 30;
echo $x; // Outputs: 45
$x = 30;
$x -= 20;
echo $x; // Outputs: 10
$x = 5;
$x *= 20;
echo $x; // Outputs: 100
$x = 100;
$x /= 20;
echo $x; // Outputs: 5
$x = 100;
$x %= 15;
echo $x; // Outputs: 10
?>

Incrementing and Decrementing Operators:

Operator	Name	Effect
++$x	Pre-increment	Increments $x by one, then returns $x
$x++	Post-increment	Returns $x, then increments $x by one
–$x	Pre-decrement	Decrements $x by one, then returns $x
$x–	Post-decrement	Returns $x, then decrements $x by one

Incrementing and Decrementing PHP Operators Types explained

Example

<?php
$x = 5;
echo ++$x; // Outputs: 6
echo $x; // Outputs: 6
$x = 10;
echo $x++; // Outputs: 10
echo $x; // Outputs: 11
$x = 15;
echo --$x; // Outputs: 14
echo $x; // Outputs: 14
$x = 10;
echo $x--; // Outputs: 10
echo $x; // Outputs: 9
?>

Conditional Operator:

There is one more operator called conditional operator. This first evaluates an expression for a true or false value and then execute one of the two given statements depending upon the result of the evaluation.

Operator	Description	Example
? :	Conditional Expression	If Condition is true ? Then value X : Otherwise value Y

Example

<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 20;
/* If condition is true then assign a to result otheriwse b */
$result = ($a > $b ) ? $a :$b;
echo "TEST1 : Value of result is $result<br/>";
/* If condition is true then assign a to result otheriwse b */
$result = ($a < $b ) ? $a :$b;
echo "TEST2 : Value of result is $result<br/>";
?>

So this is for today, in our next tutorial we will learn about Control Statements(Decison Making).Stay connected with us for more tutorials, keep visiting for more coming in this series . Feel free to like, comment ,share and give your opinions in comments below. Your valuable comments help us in giving you more relevant content . Be a part of Tekraze family, have a nice day.