We have learned in the last tutorial, about Reference Variable in PHP. Now, we will discuss operators in PHP.
Also read introduction to PHP language
Simple answer can be given using expression 2+ 5 is equal to 7. Here 2 and 5 are called operands and + is called operator. A PHP operator is a symbol that is used to perform operations on variables or values. PHP operators can be classified into 8 types:
Also checkout Best PHP Scripts from Urbanscripts
PHP language supports following type of operators.
The arithmetic operators are used to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. Here’s a complete list of PHP’s arithmetic operators.
Operator | Description | Example | Result |
+ | Addition | $x + $y | Sum of $x and $y. |
– | Subtraction | $x – $y | Difference of $x and $y. |
* | Multiplication | $x * $y | Product of $x and $y. |
/ | Division | $x / $y | Quotient of $x and $y. |
% | Modulus | $x % $y | Remainder of $x divided by $y. |
<?php
$x = 10;
$y = 4;
echo($x + $y); // 0utputs: 14
echo($x - $y); // 0utputs: 6
echo($x * $y); // 0utputs: 40
echo($x / $y); // 0utputs: 2.5
echo($x % $y); // 0utputs: 2
?>
The comparison operators are used to compare two values in a Boolean form.
Operator | Name | Example | Result |
== | Equal | $x == $y | True if $x is equal to $y |
=== | Identical | $x === $y | True if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type |
!= | Not equal | $x != $y | True if $x is not equal to $y |
<> | Not equal | $x <> $y | True if $x is not equal to $y |
!== | Not identical | $x !== $y | True if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type |
< | Less than | $x < $y | True if $x is less than $y |
> | Greater than | $x > $y | True if $x is greater than $y |
>= | Greater than or equal to | $x >= $y | True if $x is greater than or equal to $y |
<= | Less than or equal to | $x <= $y | True if $x is less than or equal to $y |
<?php
$x = 25;
$y = 35;
$z = "25";
var_dump($x == $z); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x === $z); // Outputs: boolean false
var_dump($x != $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x !== $z); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x < $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x > $y); // Outputs: boolean false
var_dump($x <= $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x >= $y); // Outputs: boolean false
?>
The logical operators are typically used to combine conditional statements.
Operator | Name | Example | Result |
and | And | $x and $y | True if both $x and $y are true |
or | Or | $x or $y | True if either $x or $y is true |
xor | Xor | $x xor $y | True if either $x or $y is true, but not both |
&& | And | $x && $y | True if both $x and $y are true |
|| | Or | $x || $y | True if either $$x or $y is true |
! | Not | !$x | True if $x is not true |
<?php
$year = 2014;
// Leap years are divisible by 400 or by 4 but not 100
if(($year % 400 == 0) || (($year % 100 != 0) && ($year % 4 == 0))){
echo "$year is a leap year.";
} else{
echo "$year is not a leap year.";
}
?>
The assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
Operator | Description | Example | Is The Same As |
= | Assign | $x = $y | $x = $y |
+= | Add and assign | $x += $y | $x = $x + $y |
-= | Subtract and assign | $x -= $y | $x = $x – $y |
*= | Multiply and assign | $x *= $y | $x = $x * $y |
/= | Divide and assign quotient | $x /= $y | $x = $x / $y |
%= | Divide and assign modulus | $x %= $y | $x = $x % $y |
<?php
$x = 15;
echo $x; // Outputs: 15
$x = 15;
$x += 30;
echo $x; // Outputs: 45
$x = 30;
$x -= 20;
echo $x; // Outputs: 10
$x = 5;
$x *= 20;
echo $x; // Outputs: 100
$x = 100;
$x /= 20;
echo $x; // Outputs: 5
$x = 100;
$x %= 15;
echo $x; // Outputs: 10
?>
Operator | Name | Effect |
++$x | Pre-increment | Increments $x by one, then returns $x |
$x++ | Post-increment | Returns $x, then increments $x by one |
–$x | Pre-decrement | Decrements $x by one, then returns $x |
$x– | Post-decrement | Returns $x, then decrements $x by one |
<?php
$x = 5;
echo ++$x; // Outputs: 6
echo $x; // Outputs: 6
$x = 10;
echo $x++; // Outputs: 10
echo $x; // Outputs: 11
$x = 15;
echo --$x; // Outputs: 14
echo $x; // Outputs: 14
$x = 10;
echo $x--; // Outputs: 10
echo $x; // Outputs: 9
?>
There is one more operator called conditional operator. This first evaluates an expression for a true or false value and then execute one of the two given statements depending upon the result of the evaluation.
Operator | Description | Example |
? : | Conditional Expression | If Condition is true ? Then value X : Otherwise value Y |
<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 20;
/* If condition is true then assign a to result otheriwse b */
$result = ($a > $b ) ? $a :$b;
echo "TEST1 : Value of result is $result<br/>";
/* If condition is true then assign a to result otheriwse b */
$result = ($a < $b ) ? $a :$b;
echo "TEST2 : Value of result is $result<br/>";
?>
So this is for today, in our next tutorial we will learn about Control Statements(Decison Making).Stay connected with us for more tutorials, keep visiting for more coming in this series . Feel free to like, comment ,share and give your opinions in comments below. Your valuable comments help us in giving you more relevant content . Be a part of Tekraze family, have a nice day.
This post was last modified on November 7, 2023 12:21 am
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